First, the enteric nervous system (ENS), often called the "second brain," is a complex network of neurons that extends along the gastrointestinal tract, from the esophagus to the anus. The ENS controls motility and gastrointestinal secretion, and is influenced by both the central nervous system and the endocrine system.

The central nervous system also plays an important role in regulating digestion and nutrient absorption in dogs. The brain sends signals to the SNS to activate or inhibit the secretion of digestive juices and the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, anxiety or stress can negatively affect the gastrointestinal function of dogs, since the central nervous system can send signals to the ENS that decrease motility and the secretion of digestive juices.

The endocrine system also has an important role in regulating the gastrointestinal system of dogs. Gastrointestinal hormones, such as gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin, are produced in the stomach and small intestine and stimulate the secretion of digestive juices and muscle contraction. Insulin and glucagon, produced by the pancreas, also play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels and nutrient absorption in the intestine.

The relationship between the dogs gastrointestinal system, central nervous system, and endocrine system can affect emotions in a number of ways.

For example, the production and regulation of hormones and neurotransmitters in the endocrine system and central nervous system can influence a dog's mood. The enteric nervous system, which is sometimes called the "second brain," can also send signals to the brain that can affect the dog's emotions.

Additionally, the gastrointestinal system may be related to stress in dogs. Stress can affect GI motility and the function of immune cells in the GI tract, which can affect GI health and, in turn, can influence the dog's mood.

It has also been found that some foods and nutrients can influence the health and mood of dogs. For example, some studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may have a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal health and mental health in dogs.

In general, although the relationship between the gastrointestinal system of dogs and their emotional state is complex and not yet fully understood, it is known that there is a significant interaction between these systems that can influence the health and well-being of the dog.

Do you want to review your puppy's digestion and nutritional health? Take session with Fran Ducoing! Veterinary nutritionist.